Geography 292: Geospatial Analysis with Web GIS

This week, I read chapters 1 and 2!

Chapter 1: The beginning of this chapter talks about the multitude of applications WebGIS has. One that really stuck out to me was when the book talked about the global outreach of WebGIS; this is because sharing information is so important, and allowing these maps to be shared globally can have so many different advantages. This chapter also talked about “The Science of Where” and how it has two definitions: one meaning is that GIS is itself a science, as the scientific basis for GIS technology, and the other meaning is that GIS has been used for science as an effective tool for making scientific discoveries. This chapter also talks about the many different groups that can use WebGIS and how each of them could use it, like the Government and just people in their daily lives. This chapter also talks about how WebGIS is opening up a new “gateway” for GIS as it allows for organized, secure, and facilitated access to geographic information products. Also, how GIS servers allow you to create maps and ready-to-use content, such as ArcGIS, which provides tens of thousands of data layers and maps. And finally, how users can search, discover, and use the layers, maps, and apps on desktops, in web browsers, and on mobile devices anywhere, anytime. GIS is an ever evolving field, and by increasing the access people have to GIS programs, more people can familiarize themselves with this amazing application

Chapter 2: The start of this chapter talks about feature layers: the most common type of operational layers. There are a few different types of hosted layers as well. A hosted layer is just the data that has been populated and saved to WedGIS. The types are: hosted feature layers, hosted web service layers, hosted tile layers, hosted vector tile layers, hosted web map tile service layers, hosted scene layers, hosted image layers, and hosted map image layers. Each one of those hosted layers holds different information about your map layers. WebGIS also introduces us to a thing called “Smart Mapping.” Smart mapping enables us to visually analyze, create, and share professional-quality maps easily and quickly with minimal cartographic or software skills. Smart mapping uses intelligent defaults, data-driven visualizations, and innovative workflows. It delivers continuous color ramps and proportional symbols, improved categorical mapping, heat maps, and new ways to use transparency effects to show additional details about your data through a streamlined and updated user interface. Unlike traditional software defaults that are the same every time, smart mapping analyzes your data quickly in many ways, suggesting the right defaults when you add layers and change symbolizing fields. This smart mapping technology can make mapping easier for every user, especially those who did not take GOEG 291 and have to deal with making all those maps from nothing. 

With what was talked about within these 2 chapters, one could map the continuous timeline of buildings on Ohio Wesleyan’s campus. I think that would be a super cool thing to look at and see the addition/destruction of buildings throughout this campus’s history.

Bzdafka Week 4

Pinde fu chapter 5: This chapter is about the difference between ArcOnline and ArcEnterpise. Enterprise uses local data and infrastructure, whereas online uses Esri and online cloud based data and infrastructure. Enterprise keeps things private, which is sometimes desired, it also has certain functions that are not available online. Enterprise uses servers to host different types of layers and data. Using enterprise, it is possible to share information with a sole entity such as different municipalities sharing information with the city, or it can be shared within an organization such that all municipalities can share information with each other and the city so they can collaborate more efficiently. 

Vector layers can be hosted on the web which means that they can be cached. This means that if someone requests to view a map for the first time it could be slow, but when it is viewed subsequent times after it has been cached the load time will be faster. 

Web layers can also be created in Pro, to do so just project your data into web mercator, this helps align your data with common basemaps, remove irrelevant attribute fields, remove unused layers including basemaps, don’t use complex symbols, then copy data to server, select layer type, then publish. 

Tutorial 5.1: To add or connect to a portal in ArcPro open the application, then go to settings, and portals. Here you can use a url to add a portal or sign into a portal that is already active. 

5.2: We took a map that was made in ArcPro, and shared it with a web account. To do this in the map properties enable sharing of unique numeric ID’s, then go to the share ribbon, then web layer, and publish it as a vector tile layer. You can configure the tiling scheme so that it is compatible with other entities, such as google maps, or bing maps. To do this go to configure, liling scheme, then select/input the places you want your layer to be visible. 

5.3: To generate a raster layer do the same process for a tile layer, but select a tile layer instead of a vector tile, then configure it so that level of detail is 0-8. Then make it configure automatically on the server. 

5.4: In this tutorial we compared vector and tile layers by using a storymap to display both layers at the same time. The tutorial has sample layers that are available to use for the display. The swipe insert was used to easily show both types of layers at once. The raster layer is only viewable up to a certain magnification, and it also keeps the text locked in a static position, so if the map is rotated it is hard to read. 

Comparison between vector (on left) and raster (on right). 

If I were to be looking at data within a small area like a county or a city, I would use a vector layer. If I were to map property values for different neighborhoods by size I would want to use a vector layer. 

Pinde fu chapter 6: This chapter focuses on spatiotemporal data. There are different types of date that encompasses movement space and time, these include: 

• Moving: these are things that move such as vehicles 
• Discrete: these are events that occur throughout time 
• Stationary: this includes values that change over time such as a weather station collecting wind speed over time 
• Change: focuses on how land changes, such as from fire or floods 

Realtime GIS includes data that is continuous and is constantly being updated, such as data from weather sensors or stream gauges. Temporal data can be represented by many units and GIS is flexible with the units that are used and how dates are imputed. This includes the use of different universal “time zones” ; GMT accounts for daylight savings time and UTC does not. Something that is becoming increasingly used is the loT, which is a network of physical objects embedded with sensors that allow for the exchange of data between one another. 

A relatively new product is ArcGIS velocity, which allows for sensors to be connected to maps, this also generates new items that correspond to the sensors. This list includes feed items, which allow for sensor input. There are also items that are used for realtime analysis, as well as items to analyze large amounts of data. When analyzing realtime data, there are two ways to go about acquiring the data: poll which polls the server periodically to acquire data, or to use a push which sends data to a web client that helps with processing the large amount of incoming data. 

ArcGIS dashboard is a way to integrate web maps with other kinds of data, it can display wind speed, water quality, population density, and other parameters as they change over time. This was likened to how a car’s dashboard displays information such as speed, a fuel gauge, temperature, tire pressure, and gear position. 

Tutorial 6.1: The web map for the Redlands dashboard hosted by Esri was opened. This map displays emergency dispatch information such as police cars and ambulances, which are polled every 30 seconds. We were able to add a layer into the map that showed live images, taken every 30 seconds. 

6.2: To create a dashboard go to apps, dashboard, and create. To add a map press the plus button then click map. When adding a map there are a few things you can toggle, we displayed a legend, layers, baselayer, and allowed for zooming in and out. To add a gauge (we used emergency incidents) click the plus sign, then the plus in the middle of the screen, then gauge. Here you can configure expressions to display certain fields. You can also change the way the gauge is displayed, we used a meter. To add colors to the gauge, use the guides tab and add guides for different percentages. To add a list (ours displayed the 10 most recent incidents) add a list element, then you can manipulate the maximum number of displayed items, and the fields used. Once you select your fields go to the list tab then use the curly brackets to insert your fields into the line item template. You can also add a title in this tab. 

6.3: To enable certain actions to trigger filters, or map changes, add a category selector by adding an element next to the header. To set actions that will trigger things to happen use the actions tab in the configuration. To make it so that when you click on an item in the table it changes the map, goes to the table, and clicks configuration, then actions, then enables zoom, flash, and filter. 

6.4: It is possible to use advanced formatting (arcade) to alter the colors displayed in the table to show different types of incidents. 

6.5:  This tutorial has us allowing for time to be used in our dashboard. Using the USPop200 that was downloaded from the tutorial, we made it into a hosted feature layer. Then going to the layer from the overview of the map, select the pencil over time, then enable time and specific events on time. 

6.6: To configure the time slider, use the gear button on the slider itself. From here you can alter the amount of years it goes by under the time interval pane, and the speed by which the slider moves under the play rate tab. Then by converting the map to a time slider app we  

Dashboard made in chapter 6 tutorial 

I could see this being useful to display different types of climate data, such as wind speed, direction, temperature, and other things like that.  It could also be useful for displaying data from a field map, making it interactive and allowing for searches.  

Hi my name is Logan Asp and I am a freshman here at OWU. My current major right now is Data analytics and for this weeks post, I took the quiz for Geog 292, read the syllabus and schedule and also scheuled a meeting with Dr. Krygier. 

ArcGIS can help us map 2D and 3D data spatially. It is also a cloud-based platform that can create apps, web maps and can share geographic information with other people.

I completed the ArcGIS online basics course. Throughout the course the 2 things I learned were the layers that are drawn on top of the basemap are called operational layers and a tile layer is a collection of prerendered images or quick-to-render vectors that can be rapidly.

Under the training section, two other courses that interested me were manage an ArcGIS Online Organizaton and Field Data Collection and Management Using ArcGIS.

Two Applications I found using Google Scholar were:

1. Using ArcGIS geostatistical analyst
2. Spatial statistics in ArcGIS

 

Chapter 1: Something that I think is super interesting about ArcGIS Online is how many people you can connect with on it. Another thing that I think is super interesting is the fact that people are able to view, interact with, edit, and give you suggestions on maps that you have created. Something that we explored in 291 was using a hybrid of online and enterprise GIS. This was helpful because the enterprise was more specific to an individual and more detailed. But online, it is more interactive and widely used to communicate information. Something that I found a little confusing was the apps that you can create. Since I created my own app in the chapter, I was able to understand how it worked, but I’m still confused about how exactly it can be applied to certain things. 

Chapter 2: Overall, I very much enjoyed this chapter. Something that the book keeps mentioning is the use of smart-mapping. This is something that sounds super interesting, and that I would love to explore in the future. Something else that I think will be very useful in the future is the Living Atlas. I worked with this a little bit in 291, but I would like to see how it can be applied to GISOnline. Something that I really enjoyed about this chapter was the fact that we both got to create maps and a way to present them, and the data that they show. I will say that I am not as keen on the arrow symbols that they had us using to display the population growth. From the 3D perspective, the arrows were more useful, but from a 2D perspective, they made the map look a little cluttered and confusing. Additionally, when adding the zoom features for the maps into the sidecar, the arrows got smaller as we zoomed in. I feel like this defeated the whole purpose of zooming in to better display the data. An issue that I ran into when inserting the picture and Wikipedia page for the different states was that the state symbol or flag did not appear within the box. One other thing that annoys me when using the storytelling mode for GISOnline is that the font changes when you change it from a paragraph to a heading. I feel like this makes the project look messy and not as cohesive. 

An application based on the ideas from these two chapters would be a sort of campus tour map. This would use the applications from Chapter 1, where you can add descriptions and images for each of the buildings on campus. Additionally, this could be incorporated into ideas from Chapter 2 by creating a story that shows the history and growth of OWU over time. This could be in terms of an increase in student numbers, students within certain majors, or an increase in buildings since the campus first opened.

This week in chapters 1 and 2, I created a Web GIS app that introduces the main attractions or points of interest (POIs) in the city of Redlands, California. I also gained more experience creating story maps and learning about the things that they have to offer.

Chapter 1:

• I created a new item and uploaded the cvs file from the chapter 1 data I downloaded.
• I learned how to add new layers and added one with the attachments for this chapter.  I then added an ID field to the layer.
• I also learned how to share layers with the public.
• I familiarized myself with editing and changing symbols used to identify different map features.
• I learned how to configure pop ups and attach different contents to them.
• After creating the web map, I created an instant app using the web map. I remember creating an instant app in GEOG291, but I did not quite remember it and was unfamiliar with how the process worked.
• I added the desired attachments, changed the basemap layer to more accurately and clearly show surrounding features, and published my app to the public for everyone to view it. I did have some trouble initially creating the instant app because I could not get the attachments to stick. The tutorial instructions threw me for a loop because they were outdated and did not show the exact steps to get to where I needed to be. It took me some extra time, but I finally figured it out well enough to get the attachments placed.
• The point of this particular application was to show different attractions in the Redlands location, namely the University of Redlands, Esri’s headquarters, Citrus Plaza, and LOOK Cinemas. The instant app shows the location of these places but also includes general information about them as well.

Chapter 2:

• I downloaded the cvs file for Chapter 2 that includes the following data: Rank, city, state, census 2010 and 2020, estimates for 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2019, median household income for 2019 and 2021, median home value in 2019 and 2021, Wikipedia pages for the cities, and pictures of the cities’ seals or flags.
• I followed a lot of the same steps that I followed for the tutorial in Chapter 1.
• I configured more popups with images and then created a story map.
• Like the apps, I remembered making a story map in GEOG291, but I didn’t entirely remember everything, and I think that this tutorial went much deeper into what you can do with story maps than what we did in GEOG291.
• In this tutorial, I added maps, media (a video, could add others though), and map actions. The map actions were confusing because the tutorial instructions were outdated for this part. There was no map action option to choose, instead it was media action plus a few more steps. It took me a while, but I was finally able to get map actions created to show Denver and Detroit specifically.
• Then, I added a side car that allowed me to display a 3D web scene of the population changes. Afte that, I added arrows to show movement relationships between states, specifically between California and Texas, and New York and North Carolina. This part kind of felt not related to the rest of the content, but it was good to learn, nonetheless.
• I also added swipe blocks that were able to show change over time in populations from the two maps that I added. It showed these changes by allowing me to slide a bar that enlarged and shrunk the maps I was looking at.
• The story map did not look great initially, but once in preview mode, it actually looked kind of professional and seems to be a great way to display information.

An application that could be made using the information from these chapters and tutorials is a story map that discusses change over time in population of a specific species. Geographic data can be gathered on the current population and mapped out using web GIS. Previous geographic data can be found on the species if they have been well studied before. The story map would include information on the species and an interactive swipe block that can show the two different maps (past and present) to allow viewers to see the change in population number and locations.

Hello, my name is Sam Conti (they/them) and I am a senior majoring in Botany with a minor in Theatre. I took the quiz, scheduled my appointment, and poked around the ESRI website a little bit. I completed the ArcGIS Online Basics Course, and I thought it was very interesting how GIS can be used for so many different purposes. Then I used Google Scholar to look more into uses for GIS. In particular I looked up queer online mapping, because this term was new to me.

Hello, my name is Braidy Duncan, I am a sophomore here at OWU majoring in environmental studies and for this week I scheduled a meeting with Dr. Krygier and took the quiz for Geog 292.

Additionally, all of the other parts of this assignment I did when I was in Geog 291.

When I did the tutorial it was very similar to the one in Geog 291, as it taught you how to zoom in and out, add layers/data to your map, as well as bookmark things to name a few of the similarities. Overall, the tutorial was insightful and allowed me to be confident in going forward with this class.

Hello! I am Kheya Datta and I have a Biology major with a minor in ENVS. I did the Syllabus Quiz and already have a GIS account from last semester. I signed up for the meetings.

 

ArcGIS allows us to map 2D and 3D overlayed with various features, such as infrastructural plans, scientific data, etc. The online variety allows us to share and collaborate on projects without the hassle of emailing files to each other and for better public maps in the form of webapps.

 

I completed the Online Basics course

2 applications I’ve found:
– I don’t believe it’s actually public but DelCo Water (my internship place) uses webGIS to map quite a bit of stuff, such as influent points for where they take in water for the reservoirs to inevitably be processed into drinking water

– NOAA also does some mapping of harmful algal blooms, especially in the great lakes region. This is useful if you study algae but also I don’t think the average tourist wants to swim in water that’ll give them cancer (https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/science-areas/habs/hab-monitoring-system/cyanobacteria-algal-bloom-from-satellite-in-western-lake-erie-basin/)

My name is Gabrielle Mulloy, I’m an Environmental Science and Geography major.

I have taken GEOG 291 and other classes requiring GIS, so I am aware of the basics of what GIS is as well as using Web GIS.

GIS is a tool used to analyze and compute 2d and 3d spatial data. ArcOnline is an entirely online counterpart to ArcGIS Pro. Being online, it’s made much easier to share and publish data and work, with a heavy emphasis on creating web pages and interactable maps, scenes, and apps.

The interactive and sharing aspect of WebGIS seem to be the main appeal of this software rather than analysis like in ArcGIS Pro. It’s very intuitive and simple to make interactive elements. I can see how this can be used to easily create pages that can tell stories or show information in a really unique and valuable way. Sharing spatial information is a really difficult hurdle to overcome in geography, and the way ESRI designed this is genuinely really impressive. 

One of the courses I’m interested in is ArcGIS Online: Performing Analysis. I’m interested to see how analysis differs between ArcGIS pro and online, and I assume Online’s analysis is much quicker and simpler. ArcGIS Pro is very complex and not very user friendly, so I wonder how much time I could save by becoming familiar with ArcOnline analysis.

I’m also interested in the ArcGIS Experience Builder series. I always find it hard to explain geography to others, and so to be able to just write a website that conveys my point with interactive elements and maps would allow me to share so much more information. I’m very passionate about scientific communication, plus I think it would be a great job skill to know how to share scientific information using these tools.

I am well aware of GIS applications, but I found a new one using online GIS.

Theobald, R., Palmer, A., & van de Gevel, S. (2019). Interactive Mapping for Transparent Redistricting. Research in Geographic Education, 21(2), 11-38.

This article is first and foremost about how important geography is in politics, specifically in voting. This article is about how to inform the public about politics and gerrymandering using geospatial information systems. They asked survey participants to do an exercise in GIS to familiarize themselves with geography. While not strictly about Arc Online, it’s very obvious how this article could use Arc Online to tell stories and inform people about geographic and political history.

 

My name is Halle Kozak, I am a senior majoring in Zoology and Botany. I already did 291 the first half of the semester. I read the syllabus and schedule, took the quiz and scheduled the required meetings with Dr. Krygier. In my account I explored my profile and the other tabs. I found out that you can see different posts from community members regarding ArcGIS online, and I saw all of the different settings I can apply to my account.

What is ArcGIS online:

1.  ArcGIS allows you to explore and visualize 2D and 3D data. It also allows you to share personal maps, work collaboratively to create maps, scenes, apps, and notebooks, and access analysis tools to better understand your data. 
2.  One interesting/important point that this webpage includes is how to create a map on ArcGIS online. The steps include choosing a basemap, adding layers, applying styles, configuring popups, and saving the map. In GEOG291 we learned how to do all of this using ArcGIS. 

ArcGIS online basics

This course taught an overview of ArcGIS online. One thing that I learned was that an ArcGIS online organization is a virtual space within the ArcGIS Online cloud that enables an organization to manage content and foster collaboration. Users with organizational access can participate in groups and share work with other members of the organization. I also learned that there are seven types of operational and basemap layers. These include feature, tile, map image, imagery, elevation, scene, and table. Operational and basemap layers are used to classify layers based on their use or how their data is structured. 

Applications

The first application that I chose is from a paper titled “Influence of landscape heterogeneity on the functional connectivity of Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in Virginia”. The map shows the locations of rock habitats trapped for Allegany woodrats in Virginia. 

Citation: Kanine, J. M., Kierepka, E. M., Castleberry, S. B., Mengak, M. T., Nibbelink, N. P., & Glenn, T. C. (2018). Influence of landscape heterogeneity on the functional connectivity of Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in Virginia. Conservation Genetics, 19(5), 1259-1268.

The second application I chose is from a paper titled “ Predicting habitat suitability of the critically endangered Be’er Sheva fringe-fingered lizard”. This map shows the binary habitat suitability using the species distribution model for Acanthodactylus beershebensis. 

Citation: Horesh, S. J., & Ovadia, O. (2024). Predicting habitat suitability of the critically endangered Be’er Sheva fringe‐fingered lizard. Ecology and Evolution, 14(8), e70108.