Dondero – Week 1

Hi, my name is Aestelle and I am a junior majoring in astrophysics, and I also took GIS 291 earlier this semester.

After receiving the wordpress and ArcGIS emails, I logged into my respective accounts for both services and then completed the quiz and emailed Dr. Krygier. After this, I did the ArcGIS Online Basics training, which explained what ArcGIS Online is and the various functionalities it offers, along with things like the various sharing levels available and when to use each, as well as where to find layers to add to your map.

One use I found for ArcGISOnline was for mapping rail network history: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.7227/tjth.25.1.5, however I couldn’t figure out how to access the article to find any maps.

Another ArcGIS Online application I found was a feature layer showing the locations of the heritage barns in Washington state, which I felt was a cool use of the software.

https://owugis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html?layers=39e31e3c81f34a49a21344100bb46096 

Gensler – Week 1

Hi, my name is Cooper Gensler and I am a sophomore and I majoring in environmental science and geography.

This week I completed the syllabus quiz and I have my account still have my account from GEOG 291.

After reading “Get Started: What is ArcGIS Online,” and I learned all about the main uses and benefits of using ArcGis Online. I enjoyed learning about this application and how it differs from the desktop version of ArcGis. 

I then completed the ARCGis Online Basics. This was a great introduction and tutorial into ARCGis Online and learning the difference in base map and layer maps and the main uses for those. 

I looked on google and found the distribution of nine-banded armadillos in the US. While I knew they were prevalent within the southern United States,  I had no idea that they were sometimes found within Ohio and Indiana which I found pretty interesting.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/2/138  

Walz – Week 1

Hi my name is Aiden, I am a junior pursuing a bachelors in biochemistry with a minor in environmental science. This was week 1 of Geog. 291 where I completed:

The syllabus quiz and scheduled an appointment with Professor Krygier.

Spent a few minutes just looking at where stuff was on my ArcGIS online account and then I read the section; Get Started: What Is ArcGIS Online. This section talked about how ArcGIS Online is a cloud based mapping and analysis site designed to create, analyze, share and manage geographical data. It can look at 2D and 3D visualization and work with other ArcGIS products.

I then did the ArcGIS Online Basics course. This course delved deeper into what ArcGIS online is. It really focused on the collaboration and sharing aspect of ArcGIS online. It then also talked about how these maps are set up; with base maps layers, uploading/downloading data, operational layers, and analyzing tools.

I then used google to look at an application online and found a map titled “Georgia’s Serial Killers” which went over the locations of where these serial killers in Georgia were caught. Though the map didn’t have a very good legend delving deeper into how/who was caught.

Another application was looking at some pizza chain uploading all of their locations onto ArcGIS online. They also seemed to have a bunch of other posts about using GIS and pizza, and I don’t quite have an opinion on that.

Wagner Week 1

Hi! My name is Hannah Wagner and I am a sophomore majoring in Environmental Science. I have taken the quiz and scheduled an appointment for weeks 2 and 3.

I first looked through some of the basic stuff in my account. I found the community and forums to be really interesting and I would like to explore some of the posts. I also liked the training section that had a lot of different courses to help navigate and use ArcGIS online.

I then read through  “Get Started: What Is ArcGIS Online” and all of the different sections.  I found that you can work collaboratively with others to build maps, scenes, apps, and notebooks and then share your work with others. Another thing that caught my attention was scenes and the fact that you can add weather effects to them.

I then completed the ArcGIS Online Basics web course. I enjoyed this course and the information it gave me. I learned about all the different layer types. I also thought it was cool that there are many different sharing options to control who has access to your organization’s content. Two trainings that interest me are ArcGIS Online: Editing Essentials and 3D Visualization Essentials.

Here is the map that I worked with and my certificate from completing the training.

I already used Google Scholar to look into GIS applications in GEOG291.

White Week 1

My name is Zach White and I am a senior environmental studies major. I am minoring in politics and government as well as Spanish. I am from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Atlantic City, New Jersey. I love the ocean, music, basketball, and fishing.

I completed the email and its required due diligence for Tuesday 10/14. I’ve also taken the Geog 292 quiz and that went smoothly. I have an Arc account from Geog 291 but I still did some exploration. I added my basic information to the my profile section in my ArcGIS online account. I also reviewed the My Settings, My ESRI, Training, Community and Forums, ArcGIS Blog, and Help sections of my account. I think ESRI training is a great resource and can facilitate our learning and progression as we do applications and so forth. I was also reminded of the ArcGIS Blog tab through which we can display our applications of GIS and just a useful resource overall for ArcGIS related work. I like that through the my profile section we can see an overview gallery of our items. We can also customize our maps and applications by manually selecting them and reordering them in whatever way we want. While there is some sort of structure by relevance there by default, this is nice to be able to personally assemble this content.

I also completed a read through of Get Started: What Is ArcGIS Online. One facet of the text that stood out to me was the fact web GIS is browser based for our Geog 292 course. This is different from Geog 291 where we worked with installed software. I think a core benefit of this web GIS is that we can access it anywhere, facilitating effective and efficient collaboration through private or public sharing groups. Access through ArcGIS apps or mobile devices is super cool. I also like that ArcGIS Online is more accessible to a wide range of users and applicable to a more representative selection of operations/functionalities. For instance, ArcGIS online supports field activities and fosters field work.

Another main point is that ArcGIS Online is flexible and versatile and you can join in different ways and merge/convert accounts. You can join an organization with an ArcGIS account created for you, you can join with your organization-specific login, you can join with an existing public account, you can join with a new account you create with an ArcGIS login, or finally, you can join with a new account you create with a social login. Additionally, I found that through settings you can change your password or security question. I don’t know why I choose to include this, probably because I frequently forget my passwords to things. Finally, I learned about the details of ArcGIS Notebooks that can be used for conducting analysis and showcasing that analysis. Python code can be worked into this as well.

I then moved on to some training with the Web Course: ArcGIS Online Basics. One thing I noted from the course is that the ability to create a geospatial hub that allows for collaboration between colleagues, teams, agencies and so forth is a core function of ArcGIS Online organizations when solving real world problems. I also learned that web scenes are different from web maps in that they exist and function in a 3-D environment. Another cool thing that taps into how generally compatible ArcGIS Online is that web maps can be created with ArcGIS Online content without any proficiency or experience with coding.

Screenshot from the create a web map section of part 3:

In section 4 I learned about one of the critical and ultra-convenient tools employed by ArcGIS Online. That is smart mapping. The web GIS essentially works through its internalized set of cartographic principles and elements to identify and suggest things like the symbology of a field. Needless to say you can also manually alter the symbology or whatnot. The cool thing is even when you do that on your own, ArcGIS Online applies its cartographic values and mapmaking tools to whatever change you made to make that change most successful.

One additional training course that sounds interesting to me is Field data collection and management using ArcGIS. I would also consider the course that entails analysis in ArcGIS Online.

ArcGIS Online Application 1).

I looked into ocean warming as a facet of global climate change. Coral bleaching was a common topic that came up and so I explored this. I found some work done showing sea surface temperatures the implications of coral bleaching that occur with warming waters. This map used ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World to pinpoint coral reef stress from heat, helping to identify areas at risk and so forth. I think this map is useful for directing conservation and learning about ocean acidification and warming. This is a nice display of raster data.

Map in a minute: Map sea temperature and coral bleaching using arcgis online and arcgis living atlas. ArcGIS Blog. (2023, August 2). https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-online/mapping/map-in-a-minute-map-ocean-temperature-and-coral-bleaching-using-arcgis-online-and-arcgis-living-atlas

ArcGIS Online Application 2).

Next, I explored some relative data on my favorite type of shark, the sand tiger shark. The work I found identified areas where these sharks are most vulnerable to fishing and overexploitation for shark fin soup. This particular project that I include was made into an ArcGIS story map showing where restrictions on targeting these creatures exist, where they don’t, and where they need to be established. Sharks are the apex predators of our oceans and this conservation work is vital for the future of the planet. I like the story map a lot. It is super engaging as you scroll through, incorporating some text, great imagery, and the map(s) that were developed.

Wise, A. (2023, December 8). Where are sand tiger sharks most endangered?. ArcGIS StoryMaps. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/bd17cb2144474996a42294dda927496b

One final application I found is improving storm drain efficiency and infrastructure related to storm surge. I did a project on flooding and storm surge so this is interesting to me. The particular work I read focused on the storm drain network in Santa Monica California. Stormwater infrastructure is super critical especially in the face of global warming and its associated more intense storms and tidal events. I was just in Florida and there was a storm off the coast and a king tide. The water was exceptionally high, higher than I’ve ever seen. High waters can be excessively damaging. I think this use of ArcGIS Online to identify storm drain networks, engage stakeholders of the watershed and so forth is going to be an essential thing moving forward.

Massaro Week 2

Hi, my name is Elaina Massaro. I am a freshman planning to double major in environmental science and zoology. 

For this week’s work, I took the quiz and ensured that I had the book available for the course. A majority of the work for this week was work that I previously did in GEOG 291. After poking around on my online account for a bit, some things that I think are interesting are that you are able to share maps you have created with people in your organization, and that maps can be interactive and tell a story for the viewer. I completed the training course for ArcGIS Online. Some things that I found interesting from this course were how sharing can be applied to different parts of a community and how 3D maps can be used to display data to viewers. Some other courses that I am interested in are Field Data Collection and Management Using ArcGIS and ArcGIS Field Map’s Migration Guide. In GEOG 291, I looked into Google Scholar and uploaded links to different applications of GIS.

Tooill – Week 1

Hi everyone! My name is Megan Tooill and I am majoring in Zoology and Environmental Science. I am a junior and part of the softball team here at OWU!

This week, I completed the syllabus quiz, and I already have an ArcGIS Online account from GEOG291.

After reading “Get Started: What is ArcGIS Online,” I learned that I can access Python resources to analyze data that I may find throughout the program. I also learned that I can take advantage of the built-in tools and apps to collect my own data.

I then completed the ArcGIS Online Basics course. The map below is the map that I created from data provided to me by the ArcGIS Online program. I changed the basemap to topography to show the Sierra Nevada Alpine climbing routes. I learned that there are different methods of sharing work done on ArcGIS Online, like sharing to a group, an organization, or keeping content private between you and your administrator. I was also introduced to interactive legends in this training that I did not previously know about from GEOG291.

One application of ArcGIS Online has been through conservation efforts. For example, the program has been used to display suspected breeding grounds for Wedge-tailed Shearwaters on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. From this information, conservationists were able to create educational and outreach programs to help protect this species. The map is shown below.

Urmston, J. (2021). Using ArcGIS as a Conservation Tool  for Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (Ardenna pacifica)  on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. Journal of the Hawaii Audubon Society, 81.

A second application of ArcGIS Online is improving public transportation routes. ArcGIS Online has been used to investigate the walkability of bus routes in order to improve efficiency in transportation in Orange County, California. The map below depicts southbound bus stop locations.

Chen, S. (2012). Investigating bus route walkability: Comparative case study in orange county, california (Order No. 1532811). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I; Publicly Available Content Database. (1288414798). Retrieved from https://owu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/investigating-bus-route-walkability-comparative/docview/1288414798/se-2

Bzdafka – Week 3

Pinde fu chapter 3: This chapter is about experience builder and how it can be used. Experience builder is an application of WebGIS that allows you to combine the features/functions of multiple apps. Web maps made using experience builders are called web experiences. The workflow of an experience is as follows: pick a template or start from scratch, select a theme, add data, add and configure widgets, refine layout, save and publish. 

Web experiences contain pages and or windows, these are the building blocks of experiences. A page is a document that acts as a base layer for the layout. Each page has a header, footer, and a body.  Windows only have body content. A widget is a script that performs functions. There are two types of widgets: basic and layout. 

  • Basic: perform as app tools. These are maps, legends, layers, query, filter, edit, chart,elevation profile, survey and more. 
  • Layout: help organize widgets on pages and windows. Include: section, column, row, fixed panel, sidebar, and more. 

Widgets perform two types of actions, message and data actions. 

  • Message: performs actions automatically, like filtering a list to only what is displayed in a maps extent. 
  • Data: Is a button that can be clicked to perform an action. 

 

(Can’t find 3D scene) Tutorial 3.1: To create an experience, in content click new app, then experience builder, then click create new. We used the blank full screen template for this tutorial. To add data click the data tab, then add data and choose whatever map you want to display. If there is no map, just data when you do this, add a map by using the map widget. To add a page click the page tab on the left, then select the page type you want to add. To configure a map when it is in the page, click on it and then use the content pane to edit it. In this pane you can use tools allowing you to add a base map, layers, and to select things. By creating a view and duplicating it you can have multiple views that you can cycle through in the same page. This is done by going to the page tab, then selecting the view and duplicating it. To use the image widget, drag it into the view, or space you want, then click select image, from here you can either upload an image or type in a URL. To use the URL, type it in and then click the URL and it will insert the image. To switch between views, use the views navigation widget. 

 

3.2: To make it so that the 2D map changes with the 3D map, select the 2D map then actions, add trigger, record selection changes, 3D map, then pan to, then click add action and zoom to. Then click add action under record selection changes, 3D, then filter. 

 

3.3: To add statistics about the maps in the summary statistics view, add a text widget under the images. Then enable connect to data, then select the layers you want to include. Then use the dynamic content to type expressions into the text box. 

 

3.4: To add a table to the page, drag the table widget onto the page, then to display click select layers, then new sheet, then the data you want to display, in our case we used the earthquakes layer. Then you can use the select fields drop down menu to select all the fields you want displayed on the table. Then to link the table to the map, add a trigger set to the 2D map and have it filter, then to add an action, click add action, then framework, select data records, then for action data we we clicked 2D map, then earthquake. This will make it so that when you click on a name in the table it will highlight that point on the map. 

 

3.5: In this section we learned to use the widget controller tool. This is a widget that you can add to the page, and then add widgets that a user can use while the experience is live. After the widget controller has been added, click the plus button to add widgets. We added the filter and the chart widgets. To configure the filter widget click on it then select a new filter, select data, expand the map you want to use, then click SQL and write out the expressions you want to use for people to be able to filter data. To figure the chart widget, select data as the map you want to use and the feature from that map you want, then choose your chart type, it is also possible to link that chart to the map by using actions. 

 

3.6: To add a new page, select the page tab then click new, it is also possible to add a link as a page. To add a link into the page, use the embed widget. To assist with navigation between pages, use the menu widget. To add a header on a page, activate the page, then toggle on header. 

Pinde fu chapter 4: This chapter is about mobile GIS. This is essentially just GIS for mobile devices. This means you can use GIS on the go, and without wires or expensive computers making it cheaper, it also means you can use the device to pinpoint locations, it improves workflow productivity, provides real time information, and integrates versatile communication such as voice and images. 

A usage of mobile GIS is to allow the public to report information and data. This could be in the case of accidents on a road, construction, visibility problems or road condition. This makes it accessible to all and allows for collaboration between many individuals. Although, editing needs to be enabled on the layer. This can also include images so long as the enable attachments are enabled. When allowing others to add data via the mobile version, it is possible to have them enter it as a feature template, which ensures that the data will be entered in such a way that it is congruent with the rest of the data, allowing for ease of editing.   

When creating an app of this type there are 3 kinds. 

  • Browser based: use HTML, and Javascript to create web based applications
  • Native-based: uses apps that are downloaded 
  • Hybrid: integrates both native apps and web/browser based HTML or Javascript 

There are also functions of this that include field maps: a program that allows easy tracking data, and the ability to edit feature layers in remote locations. There is also an application called surveys123 which makes it easy to create surveys, for both qualitative and quantitative data. Quick capture is similar to fieldmaps, however it is built to be bare bones and quick so that you can capture data from a moving vehicle. It allows you to add notes, field conditions, and images. 

 

Tutorial 4.1: To make a survey go to survey123.arcgis.com then click new survey. To add a map click map, this can be used as a question to define location. To do so select a drawing tool type, then use device location and ask for location. 

 

4.2: This section uses the survey123 app. If you display the QR code for the survey, those with the app can open it and fill it out. Then going back to the web, the overview page shows the data for the survey. 

 

4.3: We created a new feature layer, to be integrated with the survey created from 4.2. This was done by adding 2 extra fields into the layer called details and incident_type. For the incident field we made it integer and without null values. After the field was created to add a list click on it and then select get started, then list. The change how this field is visualized go to visualization, then click the layer, go to styles, field, then unique symbols, then we changed the street cracks to be a dotted line. 

 

4.4: To access the forms in webmap, select configure editing, then forms. We created a form for the incident_point layer, then to add an expression to show visibility for a field, click on it, then select the gear next to visibility on the right and then create an expression. We used an expression “incident type is pothole” to display potholes. It is also possible to convert a pop-up to a form. 

 

4.5: This tutorial uses field maps. Using field maps, by pressing the plus sign button, you can fill out a form that includes details and images and add it to a feature layer. 

 

4.6: This tutorial uses a layer that we are not able to directly use/edit, so to work around this, go to the visualization tab for the layer, then save it as a new layer and open it. This way it is technically our layer and we can edit it. We made a quick capture, this is done by selecting quick capture in the apps selection. 

 

4.7: By downloading the quick capture app on your phone you can also record incidents, which can then be viewed in the webmap. 

 

4.8: This tutorial uses AuGeo, which we used to display points of interest. To add a point select the POI layer, then edit, then new feature and add a point on the map where you want it. 

 

4.9: Using the AuGeo app, you can use AR and your camera to locate points of interest. It will tell you when you are looking in the direction of a point of interest, and it will display the pop-up for that point. 

 

Using field maps, I could walk around campus and ID a bunch of trees, and include what they look like and how to identify them, then use AuGeo to make it easy to find out what the trees are. 

Bzdafka – Week 2

Pinde Fu Chapter 1: Chapter 1 starts off with a brief history of GIS, then it transitions to the differences between web and desktop GIS. The web version makes it easier to share information globally and within organizations, it can be accessed by a large number of individuals across disciplines, has better cross platform capacity, it is intuitive and easy to use, and is easy to maintain since the web administrator doesn’t have to update it for clients.Web GIS also has easy access to layers and data from portals like living atlas making it easy to make maps. 

In the case of websites there are portals in which one website is used to access another. Web GIS has geoportals in which there are gateways to geospatial information. Another unique application of the web version is that it can be accessed via a phone. This makes it more available to those working in field settings. Marking a location on the map using a phone while in the field is a great way to collect spatial data for later use. 

When  making something in ArcOnline it can be shared so others can access it, this includes: web layers, web maps and scenes, and apps. To make any of these you can use the same types of data as the desktop: CSV, shapefiles, and so on, however it is also possible to upload powerpoint files and pictures. When creating layers there are similar types like raster and vector layers like in desktop, the main difference are the map types that are able to be made, such as scenes. Apps are a large feature of ArcWeb as they are easy to use and versatile. Some apps  that were referenced in this chapter were: StoryMaps, Experience Builder, Web AppBuilder, Dashboards, instant apps, Hub Basic, Map Viewer, Scene Viewer and so on. There are also bundles of apps, and these are categorized by speciality or how they can be used (Essential apps, Field apps…). 

Layers within ArcOnline can be categorized as either hosted or nonhosted. The difference between the two is that hosted layers come from the living atlas, whereas nonhosted layers come from the user’s own database, or hard drive. 

 

A tutorial that I’m interested in is titled: Reveal lake shrinkage due to severe drought. 

 

Tutorial 1.1: Working with attachment viewer. This app requires a CSV file. To turn this CSV into a map, go to the content section, new item, your device, then click the desired file, the default fields were used and the longitude and latitude were set to long and lat. 

When a map is published the overview tab can be used to get a general description of the map, as well as metadata. The data tab displays attribute data of the hosted features. It also allows for those with access to edit the data and fields. The visualization tab allows you to change default properties like style, filter, pop-ups, and labels. 

To add attachments, under layers select the desired layer, then go to the data tab, then select the layer, then add attachment on the far right column, then select the file and upload. Enable attachments needs to be toggled on for this to work. 

 

1.2: Using the same map from 1.1 we added a field by going to the data tab, then fields, then add field on the top right. To add data to a field, you can then go back to the table tab, and type data directly into the field.  

 

1.3: Using the same data we were working with in 1.2, we opened the map in map viewer. It was already highlighting our points of interest. The baselayer was changed to community map. To alter the symbology of the point select the layer, then go to style on the right side of the screen, style options, here you can brows through different ways to select points and resize them. 

To manage pop-up’s select the popups on the setting bar, then type the name of the pop-up in the type of display you would like, we used title, then click the curly brackets, delete all field except for the caption or whatever you want displayed, then if you want to show attachments open the attachments section and choose how you want it to be displayed, we chose as a list. 

 

1.4: Using the map made in 1.3  we turned it into a web app by clicking the create app button on the contents pane, then instant apps, we then selected attachment viewer. To sort by a field, select the layer you want to use, then field, then select the field to sort by, for us we used the ID, so that it displays 1, then 2, and so on. This was all done in attachment focus. Using map focus shows the map and the attachments on the side.

 

This could be useful to highlight field sites and show them to an audience or organization, as you can include images and descriptions of the site, along with things that could potentially be done there. 

Pinde fu Chapter 2: Types of hosted layers: Feature layers, Hosted Web Features Services Layers, Tile layers, Vector tile layers, we map tile services, scene layers, image layers, and image layers. 

  • Feature layer: support vector feature querying, visualization, and editing. Used for visualization on top of basemaps. 
  • Web feature services: open geospatial consortium
  • Tile layers: layers that support fast map visualization using a collection of predrawn map images or tiles 
  • Vector tile layers: reference a set of web tiles containing 2D and 3D vector content. Tiles adapt to resolution. 
  • Web map tile services: layers that are open geospatial consortium standard complaint 
  • Scene layers: support fast map visualization 
  • Image layers: display and analyze raster data 
  • Map image layers: Map is generated on the fly, returned as a PNG, JPG or GIF 

Smart maps are those that help make maps faster, which can be useful for those who have little experience with GIS or cartography. When using smart mapping it will help style your layer for the best interpretation.

Arcade is a way to edit the pop-ups of layers that you do not have edit access to. You can use coding expressions to change what is shown. 

Living atlas is a collection of layers, maps, tools, and apps provided by esri and others who use WebGIS. 

Storytelling with GIS: when using GIS for apps, they should be fast, easy to use, and fun, including lots of pictures, charts and videos if necessary. This chapter is mainly about storymaps and how to use spatial information for  storytelling. Storymaps are built on blocks which are essentially anything you add such as text or images. A sidecar is an immersive block which puts an image side by side with text. A slideshow will fill the screen. A map tour block allows you to showcase places one at a time.  A swipe block allows for comparison between two maps. A timeline block shows events through time. Storymaps also allows for the creation of express maps which are lightweight maps, with limited editing capabilities. 

 

Tutorial 2.1: In this section we are building a storymap from a CSV file. I started by creating new content, then uploading my file, then going to the data tab and editing the field names by going to field, clicking on a field then edit, then changing the names. 

 

Tutorial 2.2: In this section I was able to add an attribute by going to the styles pane, then selecting add field and then census data 2020. To use the color and size smart map, I selected it then configured it in the style options. Here I chose to display if the 2020 census data was above or below the 2010 by diving by 2010 census, and then selecting above and below. To apply a shadow effect on the arrows go to the effects section, then drop shadow. 

 

2.3: I changed the pop-ups by altering the title to be {city}, {state}. This was done in the pop-ups pane. I also added an attribute  expression by clicking on add expression. To get the expression to display in the pop-up, click select fields, then deselect all fields, then select the fields you want to display. 

 

2.4: To add images from a url to a pop-up, go to pop-ups, add content, image, click the curly brackets, picture_URL field, then type a title, then click the type of url being used, in this case it was Wikipedia_URL. To add a chart go to pop-up, media, the plus sign, then chart 

 

2.5: To make a story map go to apps then select story map. Here you can work with it like google sites, and add covers and titles. To add a youtube video click the plus button and then video and link, this lets you use any link to add a video. To add a map that is interactive click the plus button then sidecar, in the media area add the map, then add text on the right. To make the map interactive or to zoom in on certain points, click the plus then media action, then click on the same map then zoom in to an area then click save.  

 

2.6: This section I learned to use the swipe feature in storymaps. To do so click the plus then swipe. This allows you to display two maps side by side. To add an express map click the plus, then map, then new express map. This allows you to edit a map on the fly, we used it to add arrows to display people moving from state to state.

 

This could be useful for presentation, especially ones that rely heavily on spatial data or ones that could use it for better contextual information.