Category: Uncategorized

WEEK 4

• Spatiotemporal data can be categorized into the following groups: moving (lives feeds of airplanes, buses, cars, trains, etc.), discrete (criminal incidents, earthquakes, geotagged social media feeds), stationary (wind speed and direction measurements at weather stations, highway and traffic speed, water levels at stream gauges), and change (perimeters of wildfires, flooded areas, land use and cover) 
• Real time GIS handles current and continuous data, which can be the latest position, speed, altitude, direction,  temperature, pressure, concentration, or water level of various sensors and other objects. It can provide better situational awareness, enhance emergency response, and support decision making. 
• Point in time- refers to time values that are typically stored in a single attributes field (lightning strike)
• Duration of time- refers to time values that are typically stored in two fields, one for the start time and the other for end time. (wildfires)
• Time measurement systems- time can be expressed in many units, such as in years, months, days, hours, minutes, and seconds
• Time reference systems- time zones and rules for daylight savings time (GMT, UTC) 
• Time representations- how the date and time is written (11/07/2023)
• Temporal resolution- refers to the time interval in which events are sampled (weather report stations report temp. Every 15 mins) smaller temporal intervals will result in larger data sizes and larger temporal intervals will result in lower temporal resolution
• IoT is the network of physical objects embedded with sensors and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data. Enterprise IoT applications include smart cities, infrastructure management, environment quality monitoring, etc. Consumer IoT applications include connected cars, connected health, and smart homes
• ArcGIS Analytics for IoT and GeoEvent Server share similar basic components: 1.) Ingest- interacts with various data sources. It provides ways to communicate with IoT platforms, sensor networks, social networks, etc. 2.) process- this component processes real time data received and translated by the ingestion component. It also uses real-time filters that remove events that do not satisfy specified criteria. 3.) outputs- sends processed data to a variety of destinations. 
• ArcGIS Analyitics is a real-time and big data processing and analysis capability of ArcGIS Online. It includes the following: 1.) feed items- allow users to receive sensor inputs. 2.) real time analytic items- allow users to perform real-time processing of these inputs. 3.) big data analytic items- allows users to access and analyze big data repositories of historical observations. 
• Poll and Push methods: 1.) Poll- the traditional approach in which a client periodically polls the server to retrieve the latest data. 2.) Push- the new way to serve data in near real time using the HTML5 WebSocket Protocol. 
• Using the information provided in Ch. 6, I could create an app to illustrate the student body population change over time at OWU. To do this, I would find records of the student body population for each year, then enter that data into a file and upload it. I would then add the title, tags, and ensure that the correct time zone is selected and the PopDate is recognized as a Date field and a Time Field. I would then animate the time-series data so that an illustration demonstrates the rise/fall patterns of student enrollment at OWU up to 2023. This could be useful for OWU enrollment staff to see trends on attendance at the school, and to help enhance the methods the school uses to promote students to come and stay here. It may also be interesting for prospective students to see the trends of the school as well. 

Chapter 3 Notes, Comments, and Questions:

1. What can experience builder do?
   1. HTML and Java scripts without programming
   2. Out-of-the-box widgets (can be used, remixed, and configured)
   3. 2D and 3D web apps work across many platforms
   4. Different flexible layouts
   5. Widgets respond to other widgets
2. How do you use it?: Workflow
   1. Template, select theme, select source data, configure widgets, refine layouts, save, preview, publish, and share
3. Basic Components
   1. Page = foundation (consists of header, footer, and body)
   2. Window = complimentary to page (only has body content)
   3. Outline view that lists all widgets on page
4. Widgets
   1. Basic: functional, perform as app tools (ex: map, legend, etc.)
   2. Layout: organize widgets on your layout window (ex: section, column, row, etc)
   3. Customizable widget settings: there are 3 categories (Content, Style, and Action)
   4. 2 groups of Widgets:
      1. Message Actions: These have 3 components (triggers, targets, and action)
      2. Data Actions: These do things like exporting records to a file (for example)
5. 3 Editions of Experience Builder
   1. Embedded in ArcGIS Online
      1. This edition does not allow for custom widgets.
   2. Embedded in Portal for ArcGIS
   3. Developer edition
      1. Developer Edition has the greatest extended functionality.
      2. You can create, deploy, and use custom widgets.

 

Chapter 4: Comments, Notes, Questions:

1. Mobile GIS (concepts and advantages):
   1. Mobility
   2. Location Awareness (GPS, Cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.)
   3. Ease of Data Collection
   4. Near Real-Time Info (Spatial and Temporal Data)
   5. Large Volume of Users (More Accessible)
2. Mobile GIS Devices/Usage
   1. Smartphones, Tablets, Watches, etc.
   2. Mobile OS (Andriod, iOS, Windows)
   3. Wireless Communication Technology
   4. Positioning Technology (Satellite, Network-Based, etc)
3. Trade-off: Mobile devices are less powerful, slower, and have less memory and battery, but are more portable and accessible.
4. Feature Layer Views
   1. You can create a hosted layer that mirrors/references your original layer so users can edit and the public will automatically see those changes 
   2. Survey123 will automatically create these behind-the-scenes views
5. Feature Templates: defines types of data items that users can add to a layer
   1. Data Integrity: prevents users from entering invalid values
   2. Ease of Editing: presents make it easier to know what type of data you are using
6. Mobile App Development Strategies
   1. Browser-based: less costly, quicker, can only access a limited amount of device features
   2. Native-based: apps you download and install, deep-level access, faster, more expensive, can’t run on multiple platforms
   3. Hybrid-based: combo of native and browser-based
7. ArcGIS Native Apps 
   1. Field Maps (Mapcentric)
      1. Plan and coordinate fieldwork, owner can configure projects and attachment types, dispatchers create/prioritize assignments and send out deadline reminders, mobile workers use the app to process and do work
      2. You can also track and capture the locations of mobile users
   2. Survey123 (Formcentric)
      1. Smart Survey w/ dropdowns
      2. Store results in hosted feature layer (online and offline data collection)
      3. 2 ways to design smart forms:
         1. Web Designer: quick, simple, not all smart features available
         2. Connect: more advanced questions and features, desktop app, can pull from outside data sources
   3. Quick Capture
      1. Made to capture data from a moving vehicle
      2. Send/update data in real-time
      3. Very minimalistic interface
   4. Indoors Mobile App: indoor mapping for things that are going on with/in your organization’s indoor environment
   5. Companion
      1. App to access your ArcGIS organization, content, and profile
      2. Perform administrative tasks and search/browse content on the go
8. VR, AR, and other frontiers
   1. LBS: offered through mobile devices (considers location in use). 
   2. VGI: spatial data produced voluntarily by citizens
      1. Survey123 is best for this type of data collection (doesn’t require an account)
   3. VR: simulation of 3D Map/Environment (replaces reality)
   4. AR: an enhanced version of reality (overlay reality)
      1. Tabletop and World Scale ArcGIS toolkits can help implement AR

Chapter 3 and 4 Application: 

1. For an application for Chapter 3, I would use Experience Builder I would create an app that centers on mineral resources throughout the world. I would create a map of these primary mineral resources and possibly one for the secondary resources or compound type for these places as well. I would add a chart widget that you could configure to show how much of each ore was present in certain regions, a list widget of regions and their resources the user could sort, and another page with common uses for the resources. 
2. For the application for Chapter 4, I was thinking of creating a smart survey in Survey123 to be used around Campus. I could be used to report things that need maintenance to buildings and grounds. You could submit photos of the broken thing, provide contact info, specify what type of maintenance needs to be done, etc.

Chapter 3:

• There are two types of widgets. Basic widgets are functional and perform as app tools. Layout widgets are used to organize basic widgets in pages or windows.
• There are two categories of widget actions: Message actions listen to triggers and perform actions automatically, and Data actions provide users with a list of actions to perform that can all be selected.
• It is exciting that there is an entirely different site, other than the app creator, that can be used to display information in a different way. I didn’t realize that ArcGIS Online was so diverse.

Chapter 4:

• Mobile devices can be beneficial for pinpointing locations in the field.
• Users can access through browsers, apps on their mobile devices, or a mixture of both.
• The biggest benefit to using mobile devices alongside ArcGIS Online Apps is the use of location finders to have accurate location data in the field (especially in places where you can’t bring a computer to the field).
• Unfortunately, the camera on my phone is broken so I wasn’t able to finish the tutorials for this section, but it seemed relatively simple.

Possible Applications:

• Any situation where data needs to be taken in the field can find a use for the content of these chapters. Especially in situations where the data is location-specific.

Chapter 3:

Experience Builder has the following workflow for creating web experiences: Pick a premade template or start from scratch, select a theme, add source data, add and configure widgets, refine layouts for all devices, save, and publish.

Basic components: A widget is a JavaScript and HTML component that encapsulates a set of focused functions. Experience Builder provides two types of widgets: basic and layout. Basic widgets include map, legend, layers, query, filter, edit, chart, elevation profile, survey, and more. Layout widgets include sections, columns, rows, fixed panel, sidebar, and more.

The next part of this chapter runs through a tutorial with step-by-step instructions, so it helps to have the book right by you while completing it.

Chapter 4:

Mobile GIS Benefits: Mobility, location awareness, ease of data collection, near-real-time information, large volume of users, versatile means of communication

There are several ways that Mobile ArcGIS can be utilized, including planning and coordinating fieldwork, indoor and outdoor operations, and various mobile app development strategies. The book once again has descriptions of each step you need to follow if you are completing an assignment.

 

 

 

Assign: Read and complete GTKWGIS Chapters 3 & 4 ArcGIS Experience Builder and ArcGIS Web AppBuilder. Create a new blog entry with comments, notes, and questions on these readings. 

Chapter 3 focused on the experience builder and you can configure the app without having to program. It is supposed to be flexible and help the user who needs more functions.  To create a web experience using experience builder you need to select a premade template or create one, add a theme, add source data, configure widgets, and refine the layout. 

Chapter 4 was more of how mobile webGIS can be used to benefit us than using a desktop version that had immobility, connectivity  issues. Mobile GIS is built on some technologies and has grown and invented new ideas. Some of those include wireless communication technology and the satellite internet services like the SpaceX Starlink plan. Others are mobile devices and mobile operating systems. Some mobile positioning technologies are Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS, and GSM. 

These two chapters provide a comprehensive introduction to modern applications, with a particular focus on Mobile GIS. The first chapter emphasizes the features of the Experience Builder, such as basic and layer widgets.

The second chapter takes us into the idea for Mobile GIS. This chapter explores the advantages of Mobile GIS, such as mobility and real-time information. It introduces various Esri mobile apps, including ArcGIS Field Maps, Survey123, QuickCapture, and AuGeo, tailored for different data collection purposes. Additionally, it covers important concepts like Location-Based Services (LBS), Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), Virtual Reality (VR), and Augmented Reality (AR) within the context of mobile GIS.

 

 

• WebAppBuilder and Experience Builder are intuitive what-you-see-is-what-you-get builders that allow you to create 2D and 3D web apps without writing a single line of code. They share a similar workflow for creating web apps and they have the following key features: they create pure HTML and JavaScript apps that are cross platform, they use responsive web design technologies to create web apps that work well on desktops, tablets, and smartphones, they include numerous out-of-the-box widgets that can be flexibly remixed and configured, they include a collection of configurable themes or templates so you can customize the look and feel of the apps, and they provide extensible frameworks for developers to create custom widgets, themes, or templates. 
• These aspects are ONLY available through Experience Builder: provides flexible layouts so you can build apps that are map centric or non-mapcentric and can display them on a fixed or scrolling screen and on single or multiple pages, it was built with a mobile-first design, it can integrate both 2D and 3D content within one app, and it adds action triggers so you can make a widget respond according to actions that the other widget performs. 
• Widgets are typically JavaScript or HTML components that encapsulate a set of focused functions. They can be categorized into two groups: Data-independent widgets- Basemap Gallery, Measurement, and Draw widgets are not related to the operational data layers and need little to no configuration. The other group is Data dependent widgets- Query and Chart widgets are related to specific attribute fields of specific layers within the app. They often require detailed configuration.
• Mobile GIS refers to GIS for use on mobile devices and has the following advantages: Mobility, Location awareness, ease of data collection, near-real-time information, Large volume of users, and versatile means of communication. 
• Mobile GIS is built on the following technologies: mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, mobile operating systems (abdroid, IOS, microsoft), wireless communication technology such as bluetooth and wi-fi, and positioning technology like GPS and other approaches. 
• Mobile GIS is related to many popular types of apps and frontiers, including LBS, VGI, VR, and AR
• description of an application: The town I am from, Portsmouth, Ohio, had a flood in 1937. I would create a web map of the areas of my city that were affected by flood waters. This would mostly be for history buffs interested in the history of Portsmouth, and for them to see a visual representation of what the city looked like while it was flooded. To do this, I would use Web AppBuilder and upload a map of Portsmouth, Ohio. I would then add some data-dependent widgets and so if someone wanted to hover over a specific building in Portsmouth, the height of the flood water at that specific building would pop up as well as the exact day corresponding to that measurement.

Chapter Three:

Widgets: A JavaScript component that encapsulates a set of focused functions. 

Basic Widgets: functional widgets that can perform as app tools. 

Layer widgets: The containers that help organize widgets on your pages or windows. 

• Using experience builder to make web experiences.

Pick a premade template or start from scratch, select a theme, add source data, add widgets, and finally refine layouts. 

• The basic components: 

A web experience has at least one page. Pages and windows are the backbone of these web experiences. Widgets should be added as well. 

Pages: A document that is the foundation for the app’s layout. A page has 3 main elements including a header, a footer, and a body. 

Windows: Complementary to pages. Windows only has body content. The common uses of Windows are splash, alert, confirm, and Tool Tips. 

Chapter four: 

Mobile app development: There are many different approaches to this including: 

Browser-based approach: builds apps using HTML, JavaScript, and Cascading style sheets. This strategy has the potential to reach all mobile platforms. 

Native-based approach: This requires native development skills like Java for Android. These apps have deep-level access to device hardware and other resources. These apps are often more expensive. 

Hybrid-based approach: Integrates native components and HTML to build native applications. More advanced methods include the use of frameworks to allow for deeper integration with the native platform. 

API- ArcGIS offers APIs which stand for application programming interface. ArcGIS API for Java supports both browser-based and hybrid-based. ArcGIS Runtime software development kits(SDK) for IOS. ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android and ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Qt support native based approach. It’s a very complicated system. 

• Ultimately API’s offer similar core functionalities like editing and graphics, and the ability to access ArcGIS web and map services. 

ArcGIS Indoors- I thought this was cool because this platform was made so you can take it on the go which made me think of the outdoors, not the indoors. They describe ArcGIS Indoors as providing an indoor mapping experience for understanding the location of things and activities happening within your organization’s indoor environment. 

They give us a few phrases to help us learn Indoor GIS. 

Wayfinding and navigation: ArcGIS Indoors interacts with Bluetooth and wifi indoor positioning systems to show users where they are on an indoor map, where to go, and how to get there. 

Calendar integration: this app allows users to see where their scheduled meetings are located and navigate between them, knowing estimated travel times and avoiding being late for important events. 

Explore and search: This app allows users to explore and search for specific people, activities and events, offices and classrooms, and other points of interest. 

Location sharing and tracking: Users can share their locations. Organizations can identify employee locations to support directing resources or others to support ongoing activities. 

• I was thinking of developing a mobile app that was centered around condos in the Delaware County area. The Delaware area is building a lot of new condos and developing new neighborhoods. This app would be useful for younger people looking to move to Delaware. This app could also include the school district so if buyers are pickier, they can specifically look at school districts with condos available in that area.

Chapter One: 

This chapter was kind of a basic introduction chapter of all the concepts needed to understand Web GIS. Web GIS is the combination of the web and geographic information systems. The first operational GIS was made in the 60s. Since then GIS has developed from a local file-based single computer system to a central database clients/server system. 

WebGIS has many advantages including the following:

Global Reach:  You can share geographic information easily, within your organization and with people all over the world. 

Large number of users: You can share your app with dozens, or even millions supported by scalable cloud technology 

Low cost: per user: The cost of building one web gis app is lower than building a desktop solution

Better Cross-platform capabilities: web apps can run on desktop and mobile platforms 

Easy to use: Web GIS apps incorporate simplicity and intuition. 

Easy to maintain: web clients can benefit from the latest programs and data updates each time they access a web app. 

This chapter shows you how to create web maps in a few different ways. 

Chapter Two:

Types of hosted layers-

Hosted feature layers: these layers support vector feature querying, visualization, and editing. Most appropriate for visualizing data on top of your base maps. 

Hosted Web Feature Service layers: These layers are open geospatial consortium WFS standard-compliant

Hosted tile Layers: these layers support fast map visualization using a collection of pre-drawn map images or tiles

Hosted vector tile layers: These layers reference a set of web-accessible tiles containing 2D and 3D vector content and the corresponding style for how those tiles should be drawn

Hosted web map tile service layers: these layers are OGC WMTS standard-compliant

Hosted scene layers: These layers support fast map visualization of 3D data using a collection of cached tiles. 

Hosted image layers: These layers can display raster data by dynamically combining various bands, and they support the dynamic analysis of raster data such as imagery and other information captured by remote sensing devices. 

Hosted map image layers: This layer type is supported in ArcGIS Enterprise 10.8 and later

Mapping Styles:

Heat map: Displayers the relative density of points as smoothly varying sets of colors ranging from cool to hot.

Color and size: Using the symbol color and size to show one or two numeric fields

Compare A to B: Displayed the relationship between two numeric fields using ratio or percentage

Relationship: Visualizes the relationship between two number fields using bivariate choropleth mapping

Dot density: Uses dot density to display the distribution of one or more numeric fields

Predominant: Displayed the predominant category or level of predominance among two or more fields. 

Type and size: Represents the numeric fields by size and category fields by color 

Continuous timeline: Uses colors or sizes to represent data sequentially from new to old

Vector field: Uses direction and magnitude to display imagery data. 

This chapter also teaches us how to create a feature layer using geocoding, how to configure layer style using smart mapping, configure layer pop-ups using ArcGIS Arcade, and more. 

• In 291, I think I did a map of all parcels in Delaware County selected that have 4 or more bedrooms so a salesman would know where to sell his pillows. I could now use a dot density map to target the neighborhoods with more people in them so he could have a wider variety of where people live. 

5 main types of content in Web ArcGIS

• Data: supports data in many formats CVS, shapefiles, GPS Exchange Format, JavaScript Object Notation (GeoJSON), photos, imagery, geodatabases. 
• Layers: Esri geospatial cloud hosts many layers including, feature layers, tilled layers, vector tiles, map image, image layers, scene layers, CSV layers, tables, and Open Geospatial Consortium, Web Map Services, web Map Tile Services, and web Feature Services. 
• Web maps + scenes: web maps are 2D, scenes are 3D and they male up 1 or multiple layers + allow sophisticated layer configuration like style, pop-ups, access permission, and labels. 
• Tools: Tools perform analytical functions like geocoding, routing, generating PDF files, summarizing data, finding hot spots, and analing proximity. 
• Apps: GIS apps were made to work on mobile devices, desktops, and browsers. 

Main user types + privileges for the essential app bundle

• Viewer→  can view items, can’t create, edit, share, or analyze items.
• Storyteller → can create stories and express maps, can’t create other types of content.
• Editor → can view and edit data, can’t analyze, create, or share items. 

Mapping styles 

• Heat map → displays the relative density of points as smoothly varying sets of colors ranging from cool to hot 
• Color and size → uses symbol color and size to show one or two numeric fields
• Compare A to B → displays the relationship between 2 numeric fields using ratio or percentage
• Relationship → Visualize the relationship between two number fields using bivariate choropleth mapping
• Predominant → displays the predominant category or level of predominance among two or more fields.
• Dot Density → uses dot density (and color) to display the distribution of one or more numeric fields. 
• Type and Size → represents numeric fields by size and category fields by color.
• Continuous timeline (color or size) → uses colors or sizes to represent data sequentially from new to old. 
• Vector field → uses direction and magnitude to display imagery data. 

Include a few-sentence description of an application based on ideas from Chapters 1 & 2.

Over the summer I worked as an intern for a highway road and bridge project happening on the east side of Columbus . I would create an application to show the yard’s where material is being stored and the field offices and other storage trailers. I would make a feature of where the new road will cover and a feature for temporary roads, exits, etc. I would also add descriptions to the yards and what material is currently being stored at that location. I could also make a layer of pipe installed/ removed so it would be easier for foreman, operators, and labores to visualize so accidents can be prevented. Another feature could also be oil, gas, paint spills made on the job over the whole project just so either the city can have that information for their records and any clean up crews that might be needed after the project is finished. If we wanted information on safety around construction zones a layer could be made of accident reports and a description of the severity of the accident can be made whether that be workers or vehicle crashes.