Chapter 7
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- 3D maps have advantages with data visualization, analysis, and communication
- 3D maps often more preferred for users
- Scenes in 3D maps can be divided into two main types:
- Photorealistic- recreate reality using photos to texture features
- Cartographic- take 2D thematic mappings and convert them into 3D
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- Four types of elements in scenes:
- Surfaces- continuous measurements with one value for a given x,y location
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- Digital elevation model (DEM)
- Digital terrain model (DTM)
- Digital surface model (DSM)
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- Features- operational layers of 3D map
- Textures- exterior or interior covers for 3D surfaces
- Atmospheric Effects- ex: lighting or fog
- 3D Object Scene Layers- used to represent and visualize 3D objects
- Building Scene Layers- visualize complex models of buildings and interact with all the components of the building
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- 3D Building Scene Layer structure:
- Overview
- Discipline
- Category Layer
- Filter
- Integrated Mesh Scene Layers- constructed from large sets of overlapping imagery
- Point Cloud Scene Layers- fast display of large volumes of symbolized point cloud data
- Point Scene Layers- used to display large amount of point data not possible with a point feature layer
- Voxel Scene Layers- multidimensional spatial and temporal information in a 3D volumetric visualization
- Scene Viewer, ArcGIS Pro, and CityEngine are the primary tools for creating web scenes
- XR- real and virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions
- Metaverse- network of 3D virtual worlds focused on social connection
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- ArcGIS has been expanding into indoor 3D mapping
- ArcGIS Urban– applies GIS technology to urban planning to streamline plan creation
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- Plans, projects, indicators, ideas
- ArcGIS GeoBIM
- ETL: requires ongoing maintenance as business needs and file formats change
- BIM as 3D Graphics: quick, effective technique for producing good-quality visualizations for presentations and stakeholder review, but eliminates BIM attribution, metadata, and georeferencing information
- I could use the information I learned during this chapter to create a scene for a park in my hometown. Coe Lake Park is in Berea, Ohio and I think a map of it could be very fun and interactive.