{"id":214,"date":"2012-11-05T15:39:06","date_gmt":"2012-11-05T19:39:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/?page_id=214"},"modified":"2016-12-01T08:50:41","modified_gmt":"2016-12-01T13:50:41","slug":"cell-cycle-control","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/teaching\/cell-bio\/cell-cycle-control\/","title":{"rendered":"Cell Cycle Control"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--:en--><\/p>\n<h2>Links<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/principles\/ebooks\/introduction-to-cell-biology-4570805\/4569862\/1\">Principles Module 33<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Objectives<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify the major controlling input for each cell cycle checkpoint<\/li>\n<li>Discuss the role of cyclin-dependent kinases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Key Points<\/h2>\n<h3>Regulation<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>certain cell factors promote transition to division\n<ul>\n<li>some proteins found to vary in level with cell cycle = cyclins<\/li>\n<li>genetic mutants found that regulate progression = cdc\u2019s (cell div cycle)\n<ul>\n<li>many found to encode kinases, interact with cyclins = cdk\u2019s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>CDK\u2019s\n<ul>\n<li>cyclin-dependent kinases, partner with cyclins<\/li>\n<li>regulated by phosphorylation, in turn phosphorylate targets\n<ul>\n<li>enzymes required for cellular processes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>checkpoints\n<ul>\n<li>G1\/S is primary\n<ul>\n<li>external factors can influence<\/li>\n<li>links cell division to growth and nutritional status<\/li>\n<li>accumulation of G1 cyclins activate Cdc2 kinase, activates targets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>G2\/M\n<ul>\n<li>M-phase promoting factors involved in this check\n<ul>\n<li>Mitotic cyclin + Cdc2 kinase<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>integrity of DNA after replication critical<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Spindle\n<ul>\n<li>tension on MT, chromosomes aligned at metaphase plate\n<ul>\n<li>unclear how mechanical signaling occurs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>anaphase-promoting complex (APC) result in cohesin breakdown\n<ul>\n<li>marks securin for degradation, releases inhibition on separase<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Growth factors\n<ul>\n<li>proteins with specific cell surface receptors<\/li>\n<li>often trigger MAP kinase cascades that lead to G1 cyclin expression<\/li>\n<li>not all cells affected by all growth factors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>p53 is a tumor suppressor\n<ul>\n<li>monitors DNA integrity, induces repair enzymes or cell death<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>proto-oncogenes: normal genes that cancer-causing when mutated\n<ul>\n<li>involved in signaling, either receptors or part of transduction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>In-class Activities<\/h2>\n<p>Describe some features and characteristics of cells deficient in each of the cell cycle checkpoints. For example, what would a cell deficient in G1\/S regulation be like? What would it have or lack?<\/p>\n<h2>Questions for Practice<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Which cell cycle checkpoint is most influenced by external factors? Why is this adaptive?<\/li>\n<li>Predict the consequences of a mutation in mitotic cyclin OR p53 OR a proto-oncogene.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--:--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Links Principles Module 33 Objectives Identify the major controlling input for each cell cycle checkpoint Discuss the role of cyclin-dependent kinases Key Points Regulation certain cell factors promote transition to division some proteins found to vary in level with cell cycle = cyclins genetic mutants found that regulate progression = cdc\u2019s (cell div cycle) many [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":0,"parent":447,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-214","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/40"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=214"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":492,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214\/revisions\/492"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/wolverton\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}