{"id":189,"date":"2022-09-10T22:53:53","date_gmt":"2022-09-11T03:53:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-191\/?p=189"},"modified":"2022-10-02T08:20:23","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:20:23","slug":"abbey-s-week-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/2022\/09\/10\/abbey-s-week-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Abbey S- Week 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 5: Finding What\u2019s Inside<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can map what\u2019s going on inside an area if you want to compare different areas or if you want to show what locations need action<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What\u2019s inside a single area vs multiple areas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Features either discrete or continuous<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS can be used to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Figure out whether a feature is inside of an area<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Find all features in an area<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Find number of features in an area<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some features may be partially in an area<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Only use portion actually in the area<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Three (3) ways to find what\u2019s inside:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Draw features\/ areas<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Effective visual\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Need dataset of area boundaries and dataset with features<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Selecting features within an area<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You determine the area\/ layer, and GIS selects all features\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Good summary of features in an area<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cannot use for surfaces<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Overlaying areas and features<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Good for finding which features are in a number of areas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Requires more processing<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Based on the information provided in the book, it seems like the second method is not particularly effective. It cannot be used for surface features and overlaying features (method 3) allows you to see the same information.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More details on each method:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Drawing areas\/ features<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Make sure it is easy to see what features are in the area<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Locations and lines require different symbols\/ thicknesses in order to differentiate them from each other<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To map discrete areas:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lightly shade the area<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Make the area translucent or shade the area with a pattern<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Draw only the boundary of the area<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To map continuous data:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Same as discrete<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Place a screen on the outside area to emphasize what\u2019s in the area<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Selecting features in an area<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You determine the features and area, and GIS will let you know what features are within the boundaries of an area<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS does not distinguish which areas the features are in (L)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can use this method to generate a report of the results, which can be used to relay information to the masses<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Overlaying areas with continuous categories\/ classes\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS uses vector\/ raster method to overlay info<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Overlaying areas on areas requires slivers<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Slivers are small areas that are slightly offset<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An area with an areal extent less than the smallest dataset<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Raster vs vector<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vector- more precise but more processing<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Raster- more efficient, prevents slivers, but sometimes less accurate<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 6: Finding What\u2019s Nearby<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What\u2019s occurring around a feature?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Important for projects that need to be conscious of the surrounding area (development, demolition, etc.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Measure line distance, distance\/ cost over a network, or cost over a surface<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taking the curvature of the earth into account<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Planar method is used for smaller areas such as cities, states, or countries\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Geodesic method good for regions and continents<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Will be displayed with the curvature of the globe<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Information from analysis\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">List<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Count\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By total\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By category<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Summary statistic<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Total amount<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amount by category<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Statistical summary<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Average<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Minimum\/ maximum<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Standard deviation<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Number of ranges<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inclusive rings- how total amount increases as distance decreases<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Distinct bands- compare distance to other characteristics<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Straight line distance:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Defines area of influence around an area<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Quick \u2018n easy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Only gives an approximation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Create buffer to define a boundary<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select features in order to find features in a given distance\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Calculate feature-feature distance to assign distance to locations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Create distance surface to find continuous distance from source<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Distance\/ cost over a network:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Measures travel over a fixed infrastructure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More precise\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Needs an accurate network layer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS identifies all lines in a network<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Source locations in networks are <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">centers<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Street neworks\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Street segments (edges)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Intersections (junctions)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tagged with cost to travel from center to surrounding locations (impedance value)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Set travel parameters<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can specify cost for turns from one segment to another<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More than one center<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS assigns segment to each concurrently<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cost over a surface:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How much area is within an overland travel range<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Allows you to combine multiple layers<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Needs data preparation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Creating a cost layer<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The book uses an example of the cost between deer traveling through open forest vs thick underbrush, and how it would be easier for deer to travel through open forest (yay animals). Therefore, open forest= lower cost<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reclassify layer based on existing attribute<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For me, this chapter really showed how specific you can get with GIS, especially when it came to determining traveling costs over a network or surface!<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 7: Mapping Change<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mapping change allows us to make predictions on what the future could look like (big emphasis on meteorology)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Types of change:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Location<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How features will move<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can map features that physically move or geographic phenomena that change locations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Discrete features can be tracked as they move through space (organisms or meteorological events)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Events happen at different locations (earthquakes, deaths)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Showing patterns of movement for individual features or<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Number of large yet distinct features\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Character\/ magnitude<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How conditions in a given place have changed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Discrete features are changes throughout a period of time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Data summarized by area are presented as percentages or totals<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Continuous categories show the type of features in a place<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Continuous values are quantities that fluctuate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Magnitude- similar issues as mapping most and least (ch. 3)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Character- the way categories are defined may differ between dates<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Measuring time:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Three types of patterns<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trend- change between two periods<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Increasing or decreasing?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before\/ after- self explanatory<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Impact?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cycle- change during recurring time period<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patterns?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Choosing time interval<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Need to choose interval if given a range\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Should be long enough to show change, but include all info<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Three ways to map change<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Time series- change in boundaries, discrete areas, surfaces<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Good visual impact, easy to understand\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Need comparisons<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tracking map<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Showing movement of discrete locations, linear features, area boundaries<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Easier to see subtle movement compared to time series<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The more features, the harder to read<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Measuring change<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Show amount, percentage, rate of change<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shows difference in values<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Omits actual conditions<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Number of maps to show<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fewer maps spaced longer apart shows more drastic change<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More maps account for possible patterns that may have been missed<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More maps are more overwhelming for the viewer<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Results<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Showing tables and graphs can supplement what you are trying to show thru maps<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mapping linear features<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Differentiate between each point with labels, colors, or symbols<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mapping contiguous features\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Draw boundaries for areas at each date\/ time<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mapping events<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Use different colors for each time period<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 5: Finding What\u2019s Inside You can map what\u2019s going on inside an area if you want to compare different areas or if you want to show what locations need action What\u2019s inside a single area vs multiple areas Features either discrete or continuous GIS can be used to: Figure out whether a feature is inside of an area Find all features in an area Find number of features in an area Some features may be partially in an area Only use portion actually in the area Three (3) ways to find what\u2019s inside: Draw features\/ areas Effective visual\u00a0 Need dataset of area boundaries and dataset with features Selecting features within an area You determine the area\/ layer, and GIS selects all features\u00a0 Good summary of features in an area Cannot use for surfaces Overlaying areas and features Good for finding which features are in a number of areas Requires more processing Based on the information provided in the book, it seems like the second method is not particularly effective. It cannot be used for surface features and overlaying features (method 3) allows you to see the same information.\u00a0 More details on each method: Drawing areas\/ features Make sure it is easy to see what features are in the area Locations and lines require different symbols\/ thicknesses in order to differentiate them from each other To map discrete areas: Lightly shade the area Make the area translucent or shade the area with a pattern Draw only the boundary of the area To map continuous data: Same as discrete Place a screen on the outside area to emphasize what\u2019s in the area Selecting features in an area You determine the features and area, and GIS will let you know what features are within the boundaries of an area GIS does not distinguish which areas the features are in (L) You can use this method to generate a report of the results, which can be used to relay information to the masses Overlaying areas with continuous categories\/ classes\u00a0 GIS uses vector\/ raster method to overlay info Overlaying areas on areas requires slivers Slivers are small areas that are slightly offset An area with an areal extent less than the smallest dataset Raster vs vector Vector- more precise but more processing Raster- more efficient, prevents slivers, but sometimes less accurate Chapter 6: Finding What\u2019s Nearby What\u2019s occurring around a feature? Important for projects that need to be conscious of the surrounding area (development, demolition, etc.) Measure line distance, distance\/ cost over a network, or cost over a surface Taking the curvature of the earth into account Planar method is used for smaller areas such as cities, states, or countries\u00a0 Geodesic method good for regions and continents Will be displayed with the curvature of the globe Information from analysis\u00a0 List Count\u00a0 By total\u00a0 By category Summary statistic Total amount Amount by category Statistical summary Average Minimum\/ maximum Standard deviation Number of ranges Inclusive rings- how total amount increases as distance decreases Distinct bands- compare distance to other characteristics Straight line distance: Defines area of influence around an area Quick \u2018n easy Only gives an approximation Create buffer to define a boundary Select features in order to find features in a given distance\u00a0 Calculate feature-feature distance to assign distance to locations Create distance surface to find continuous distance from source Distance\/ cost over a network: Measures travel over a fixed infrastructure More precise\u00a0 Needs an accurate network layer GIS identifies all lines in a network Source locations in networks are centers Street neworks\u00a0 Street segments (edges) Intersections (junctions) Tagged with cost to travel from center to surrounding locations (impedance value) Set travel parameters Can specify cost for turns from one segment to another More than one center GIS assigns segment to each concurrently Cost over a surface: How much area is within an overland travel range Allows you to combine multiple layers Needs data preparation Creating a cost layer The book uses an example of the cost between deer traveling through open forest vs thick underbrush, and how it would be easier for deer to travel through open forest (yay animals). Therefore, open forest= lower cost Reclassify layer based on existing attribute For me, this chapter really showed how specific you can get with GIS, especially when it came to determining traveling costs over a network or surface! Chapter 7: Mapping Change Mapping change allows us to make predictions on what the future could look like (big emphasis on meteorology)\u00a0 Types of change: Location How features will move Can map features that physically move or geographic phenomena that change locations Discrete features can be tracked as they move through space (organisms or meteorological events) Events happen at different locations (earthquakes, deaths) Showing patterns of movement for individual features or Number of large yet distinct features\u00a0 Character\/ magnitude How conditions in a given place have changed Discrete features are changes throughout a period of time Data summarized by area are presented as percentages or totals Continuous categories show the type of features in a place Continuous values are quantities that fluctuate Magnitude- similar issues as mapping most and least (ch. 3) Character- the way categories are defined may differ between dates Measuring time: Three types of patterns Trend- change between two periods Increasing or decreasing? Before\/ after- self explanatory Impact? Cycle- change during recurring time period Patterns? Choosing time interval Need to choose interval if given a range\u00a0 Should be long enough to show change, but include all info Three ways to map change Time series- change in boundaries, discrete areas, surfaces Good visual impact, easy to understand\u00a0 Need comparisons Tracking map Showing movement of discrete locations, linear features, area boundaries Easier to see subtle movement compared to time series The more features, the harder to read Measuring change Show amount, percentage, rate of change Shows difference in values Omits actual conditions Number of maps to show Fewer maps spaced longer apart shows more drastic change More maps account for possible patterns that may have been missed More maps are more overwhelming for the viewer Results Showing tables and graphs can supplement what you are trying to show thru maps Mapping linear features Differentiate between each point with labels, colors, or symbols Mapping contiguous features\u00a0 Draw boundaries for areas at each date\/ time Mapping events Use different colors for each time period &nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2161,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-course-student-work"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2161"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=189"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":194,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189\/revisions\/194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=189"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}