{"id":1886,"date":"2024-02-02T11:46:52","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T16:46:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/?p=1886"},"modified":"2024-02-02T11:46:52","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T16:46:52","slug":"rose-week-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/2024\/02\/02\/rose-week-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Rose Week 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 4<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mapping density shows you where the highest concentration of features are<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Useful for looking at patterns rather than locations of individual features and for mapping areas of different sizes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lets you map an area using a uniformal unit to clearly see the distribution-<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can shade defined areas based on density value or create density surface<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can use GIS to map the density of points or lines<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Usually these features are mapped using a density surface<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can map the density of the features or feature values<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Will give you very different results<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although can map feature locations to see where they\u2019re concentrated, creating a density map gives a measurement of density per area,\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can more accurately compare areas or know whether certain areas meet your criteria<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can map density graphically, using a dot map, or calculate the density value for each area<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A density surface is usually created in the GIS as a raster layer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Calculating a density value for defined areas<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Calculate density based on the areal extent of each polygon<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some GIS software such as ArcGIS lets you calculate density on the fly<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Creating a dot density map<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Map each area based on a total count or amount and specify how much each dot represents<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When creating dot density map, specify how many features each dot represents and how big the dots are<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Important to be proper size in order to show patterns correctly<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can use GIS to summary features or feature values for each polygon<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To create density surface, GIS defines a neighborhood around each cell center<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Need to set several parameters to affect how GIS calculates density surface and what the patterns look like<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS uses one of two methods for calculating cell values<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simple method counts only those features within the search radius of each cell<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Weighted method uses mathematical function to give more importance to features closer to the center of the cell<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS lets you specify areal units in which you want the density values calculated<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 5<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">People map what&#8217;s inside an area to monitor what&#8217;s going on inside it or to compare several areas based on what&#8217;s inside each<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By monitoring what&#8217;s going on in an area, people know whether to take action<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To find what\u2019s inside can draw an area boundary on top of the features\u00a0 and use an area boundary to select the features inside and list or summarize them or combine the area boundary and features to create summary data<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Need to consider how many areas you have and what type of features are inside the areas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can use single area or multiple areas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Linear features and discrete areas might lie partially inside and outside an area<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can choose to include only features that fall completely inside<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Features that fall inside but extend beyond the boundary or include only the portion of the features that falls inside the area boundary<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Drawing areas on top of features is a quick and easy way to see what\u2019s inside<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However can find out what\u2019s inside in other ways that give you additional information i.e. list of the features or summary statistics<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sometimes making a map and looking at it is all the analysis needed<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using GIS to draw the area or areas on top of the features, you can see which discrete features are inside or outside an area or get a sense of the range of continuous values in the area<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS checks the location of each feature to see if it\u2019s inside the area and flags the ones that are<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The highlights selected features on the map and selects corresponding rows i the feature set\u2019s data table<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can use GIS to create a report on the selected features<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS tags each feature with a code for the area it falls within and assigns the area\u2019s attributes to each feature<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you have a single area, mapping individual locations is similar to mapping locations using geographic selection<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If mapping lines or areas with a single area, can draw just the portion of each feature inside the containing area<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS summarizes the amount of each category or class features falling inside one or more areas<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can get a map, table, or chart of the results<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 6<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using GIS can find out what&#8217;s occurring in a set distance of a feature<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can also find what\u2019s within traveling range<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Traveling distance measured by distance, time, or cost<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To find what\u2019s nearby, can use straight-line distance, measure distance or cost over network or measure cost over distance<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Deciding how to measure \u201cnearness\u201d and what info you need to form analysis will help you decide what method to use<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What\u2019s nearby can be based on a set distance you specify, or on travel to or from a feature<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If travel is involved can measure nearness using distance or travel cost<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Knowing the information you need will help you choose the best method for your analysis<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">List, count, or summary?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Three ways of finding what\u2019s nearby<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simple way of finding what\u2019s nearby is to use straight-line distance<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However measuring distance or cost over a network, or cost over a surface, can give you a more accurate measure of what\u2019s nearby<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using selection to find what\u2019s nearby is like creating a buffer<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Specify the distance from the source and the GIS selects the surrounding features within the distance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS does not create a boundary around the source features<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It calculates the distance and selects the the features in one step so you don\u2019t have have to use a buffer to select the features surrounding the source<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you\u2019re finding individual locations near a source feature, you can have the GIS calculate the actual distance between each location and the closet source<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Useful if need to know exactly how far each location is from the source rather than whether it\u2019s within a given distance<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Spider diagram: GIS can draw a line between each location and is nearest source<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Creating a distance surface<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Create a raster layer of continuous distance from the source<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Measuring distance or cost over a network<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GIS identifies all the line in a network(i.e. streets or pipelines) within a given distance, time, or cost of a source location<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Source locations in networks are often termed <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">centers <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">because they usually represent centers that people, goods, or services travel to or from<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Geometric network composed of edges\/lines, junctions, and turns<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Calculating cost distance over a surface lets you find out what\u2019s nearby when traveling overland<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 4 Mapping density shows you where the highest concentration of features are Useful for looking at patterns rather than locations of individual features and for mapping areas of different sizes Lets you map an area using a uniformal unit to clearly see the distribution- Can shade defined areas based on density value or create density surface Can use GIS to map the density of points or lines Usually these features are mapped using a density surface Can map the density of the features or feature values Will give you very different results Although can map feature locations to see where they\u2019re concentrated, creating a density map gives a measurement of density per area,\u00a0 Can more accurately compare areas or know whether certain areas meet your criteria Can map density graphically, using a dot map, or calculate the density value for each area A density surface is usually created in the GIS as a raster layer Calculating a density value for defined areas Calculate density based on the areal extent of each polygon Some GIS software such as ArcGIS lets you calculate density on the fly Creating a dot density map Map each area based on a total count or amount and specify how much each dot represents When creating dot density map, specify how many features each dot represents and how big the dots are Important to be proper size in order to show patterns correctly Can use GIS to summary features or feature values for each polygon To create density surface, GIS defines a neighborhood around each cell center Need to set several parameters to affect how GIS calculates density surface and what the patterns look like GIS uses one of two methods for calculating cell values Simple method counts only those features within the search radius of each cell Weighted method uses mathematical function to give more importance to features closer to the center of the cell GIS lets you specify areal units in which you want the density values calculated &nbsp; Chapter 5 People map what&#8217;s inside an area to monitor what&#8217;s going on inside it or to compare several areas based on what&#8217;s inside each By monitoring what&#8217;s going on in an area, people know whether to take action To find what\u2019s inside can draw an area boundary on top of the features\u00a0 and use an area boundary to select the features inside and list or summarize them or combine the area boundary and features to create summary data Need to consider how many areas you have and what type of features are inside the areas Can use single area or multiple areas Linear features and discrete areas might lie partially inside and outside an area Can choose to include only features that fall completely inside Features that fall inside but extend beyond the boundary or include only the portion of the features that falls inside the area boundary Drawing areas on top of features is a quick and easy way to see what\u2019s inside However can find out what\u2019s inside in other ways that give you additional information i.e. list of the features or summary statistics Sometimes making a map and looking at it is all the analysis needed Using GIS to draw the area or areas on top of the features, you can see which discrete features are inside or outside an area or get a sense of the range of continuous values in the area GIS checks the location of each feature to see if it\u2019s inside the area and flags the ones that are The highlights selected features on the map and selects corresponding rows i the feature set\u2019s data table Can use GIS to create a report on the selected features GIS tags each feature with a code for the area it falls within and assigns the area\u2019s attributes to each feature If you have a single area, mapping individual locations is similar to mapping locations using geographic selection If mapping lines or areas with a single area, can draw just the portion of each feature inside the containing area GIS summarizes the amount of each category or class features falling inside one or more areas Can get a map, table, or chart of the results &nbsp; Chapter 6 Using GIS can find out what&#8217;s occurring in a set distance of a feature Can also find what\u2019s within traveling range Traveling distance measured by distance, time, or cost To find what\u2019s nearby, can use straight-line distance, measure distance or cost over network or measure cost over distance Deciding how to measure \u201cnearness\u201d and what info you need to form analysis will help you decide what method to use What\u2019s nearby can be based on a set distance you specify, or on travel to or from a feature If travel is involved can measure nearness using distance or travel cost Knowing the information you need will help you choose the best method for your analysis List, count, or summary? Three ways of finding what\u2019s nearby Simple way of finding what\u2019s nearby is to use straight-line distance However measuring distance or cost over a network, or cost over a surface, can give you a more accurate measure of what\u2019s nearby Using selection to find what\u2019s nearby is like creating a buffer Specify the distance from the source and the GIS selects the surrounding features within the distance GIS does not create a boundary around the source features It calculates the distance and selects the the features in one step so you don\u2019t have have to use a buffer to select the features surrounding the source If you\u2019re finding individual locations near a source feature, you can have the GIS calculate the actual distance between each location and the closet source Useful if need to know exactly how far each location is from the source rather than whether it\u2019s within a given distance Spider diagram: GIS can draw a line between each location and is nearest source Creating a distance surface Create a raster layer of continuous distance from the source Measuring distance or cost over a network GIS identifies all the line in a network(i.e. streets or pipelines) within a given distance, time, or cost of a source location Source locations in networks are often termed centers because they usually represent centers that people, goods, or services travel to or from Geometric network composed of edges\/lines, junctions, and turns Calculating cost distance over a surface lets you find out what\u2019s nearby when traveling overland<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2094,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-course-student-work"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2094"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1886"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1886\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1887,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1886\/revisions\/1887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.owu.edu\/geog-291\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}